{"id":6696,"date":"2024-03-17T09:03:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-17T07:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=6696"},"modified":"2024-04-07T10:12:31","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T08:12:31","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=6696","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 ..\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a: \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636&nbsp; \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c&nbsp; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 ( 1889- 1973&nbsp; )&nbsp; \u060c \u0641\u0646\u0635\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628&nbsp; \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647&nbsp; \u060c&nbsp; \u062d\u064a\u062b&nbsp; 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\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 &#8221; \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 &#8220;. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 :<\/p>\n<p>1-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 .<\/p>\n<p>2-\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629&nbsp; \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 .<\/p>\n<p>3-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941 .<\/p>\n<p>( \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0639\u064a : \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644&nbsp; \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c 2003 \u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 83 ) . 0<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp; \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 :<\/p>\n<p>1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631&nbsp; \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1936 .<\/p>\n<p>2-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ( 1958- 1967 ) .<\/p>\n<p>3-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n<p>4-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 .<\/p>\n<p>5-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968 .<\/p>\n<p>6-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968 .<\/p>\n<p>7-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp; \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ( 1967- 1971 ) .<\/p>\n<p>8-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ( 1982- 1985 ) .<\/p>\n<p>9-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&nbsp; \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 .<\/p>\n<p>10-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f 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