{"id":4219,"date":"2023-05-28T08:54:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-28T06:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=4219"},"modified":"2023-05-28T08:54:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-28T06:54:57","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=4219","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629..\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a..\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\/ \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u00a0\u00a0( 1918-1998) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 . \u0623\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1918\u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u060c\u00a0 \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1942\u00a0 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631\u00a0 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1946 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629\u00a0 \u062d\u062a\u064a\u00a0 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a 11 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1949 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 . \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 ( 1949- 1951 ) .<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u00a0 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 .\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 7\u00a0 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1953 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 24 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1960 . \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a 10 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1963 \u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ( 10 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1966 \u2013 19 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1970 ) . \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1970 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 1974 . \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a\u00a0 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u00a0 \u0641\u064a 17\u00a0 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1986 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 30 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 1998 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 80 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u00a0 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 :-<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 :- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a :-<\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0629 :- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 1944 .<\/p>\n

2-\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 :- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

3-\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 :- \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1954 .<\/p>\n

4-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0 :- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

5-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :- \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 – \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1967 .<\/p>\n

6-\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1970 .<\/p>\n

7-\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a :- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1973 .<\/p>\n

8-\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1972 .<\/p>\n

9-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1974 .<\/p>\n

10-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :- \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1974 .<\/p>\n

11-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

12-\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633 :- \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1945\u00a0 .<\/p>\n

13- \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a :\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c1948 .<\/p>\n

14- \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 :- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u060c 1959 .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 :- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a :-<\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0644 :- \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1973 .<\/p>\n

2-\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u060c \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00a0 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 ) \u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 215 \u060c \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1987 . \\<\/p>\n

3-\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 :- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c\u00a0 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 ) \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c\u00a0 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 216\u00a0\u00a0 \u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1987 .<\/p>\n

4-\u0647\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627 :- \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1981 .<\/p>\n

(\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :-\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 :- \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u060c 2019 \u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 40- 43 ) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u00a0 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968 \u060c \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 ( 1967- 1970 ) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a ”\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 335 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :-<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :- \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a .<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :- \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e .<\/p>\n

3-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b :- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 .<\/p>\n

4-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 :- \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

5-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 :- \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 .<\/p>\n

6 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 :- \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u2013\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0633 .<\/p>\n

7-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 :- \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 .<\/p>\n

8-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 :- \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

9- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 :- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 .<\/p>\n

10- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 :- \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 .<\/p>\n

11-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 :-\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a .<\/p>\n

12- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 :-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n

13-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 :- \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 :-<\/p>\n

1-\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 :- \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u00a0 \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 : 2019 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 40 \u2013 43 .<\/p>\n

2-\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 .<\/p>\n

3-\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 :- \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\/ \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u00a0\u00a0( 1918-1998) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 . \u0623\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1918\u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1918\u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=4219\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shrouknet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-28T06:54:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-28T06:54:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Un9titled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"791\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"541\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mohamed abdalaa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mohamed abdalaa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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