{"id":15865,"date":"2026-04-27T09:56:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T06:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=15865"},"modified":"2026-04-27T09:56:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T06:56:09","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b1%d8%ac-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%80%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%82-%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=15865","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u062a”: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 – \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f.\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u062a” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

** <\/span><\/b>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a “\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b” \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

**<\/span><\/b> <\/b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

– \u0623\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/span>.<\/span> \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

** <\/span><\/b>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641<\/span>.<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646” \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

** \u0643<\/span><\/b>\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

– \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 “\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647” \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

** <\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

** <\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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