{"id":14767,"date":"2026-03-03T10:43:56","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=14767"},"modified":"2026-03-03T10:44:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:44:12","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%83-%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=14767","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.. “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643” \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645\/ \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u2013 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a: “\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c” (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a: 142) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621: “\u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0645\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u0628\u064b\u0627…” (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621: 87)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u2013 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629: “\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0633\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627…” (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641: 61) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064f\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u064c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:”\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0635\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f…” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629: 96)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: “\u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627…” (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644: 14)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640”\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627” \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064b <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a: “\u0625\u0650\u0630\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u062d\u0650\u064a\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064b\u0627…” (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641: 163) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

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