{"id":11682,"date":"2025-09-09T15:31:42","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T12:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=11682"},"modified":"2025-09-09T15:31:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T12:31:44","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a8-1923-2025-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/?p=11682","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628( 1923- 2025 )&#8230;.\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\/ \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8221; \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923 \u0628\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0623 <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0629 &#8220;&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 . \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u0628&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 . \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0632\u0643\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a &#8220;( 1894- 1982 ) \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u00a0 . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 ( \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 ) \u0630\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ( 1975- 1989 ) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 1972- 1975 ) .\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 170 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 260 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a &#8230;. \u0627\u0644\u062e 9 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 44 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 : ( \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957- \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u2013 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 &#8230;. \u0627\u0644\u062e ) . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 220\u00a0 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 : ( \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0629 1961 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0629 1962 \u2013 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 1964 \u2013 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u00a0 1964 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 1964 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1965 \u2013 \u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 2020 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ) . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 : ( \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 1955 \u2013 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 1956 \u2013 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 1972 \u2013 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645 1975 \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a 2004 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 2007- 2020 ) . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 170\u00a0 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 : ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 1954 \u2013 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 1959 \u2013 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 1960- \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 1964- \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 1964- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 1974- \u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 1978 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0628\u0648\u064a 1993- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a 2001 \u2013 \u064a\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a 2009\u00a0 ) . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u060c\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627 &#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 &#8221; . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4-\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6-\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a &#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7-\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 5 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2024 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8-\u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u060c\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u00a0\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2-\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f : \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00a0 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3 \u2013 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a : \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3-\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 : \u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u00a0 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u2013 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a ) . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4-\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 : \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u00a0 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u00a0 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5-\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a 3 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 2025 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 93 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f : \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1798- 2020 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u060c 2020 \u060c\u00a0 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 273 .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02- \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 <\/strong><strong>BBC<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 : \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3- \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 : \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0645 <\/strong><strong>elcinema.com<\/strong><strong> . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4- \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <\/strong><strong>CNN<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a : \u0644\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8230; \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u00a0 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 93 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621 3 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025 . <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\/ \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 : \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8221; \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923 \u0628\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0629 &#8220;&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 . \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u0628&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","category-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11682\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shorouknet.sha.edu.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}